Describe how organisms pass on genetic information via asexual life cycles (i.e., the replication of genes in asexual reproduction results in the same gene combinations in the offspring as those of the parent). [Mitosis]
Describe how organisms pass on genetic information via sexual life cycles (i.e., parents pass on chromosomes, which contain genes, to their offspring and sorting and recombination of genes in sexual reproduction results in variety of gene combinations and phenotypes in the offspring of any two parents)
Describe the possible results from mutation in DNA (e.g., only mutations in sex cells can be passed to offspring; mutations in other cells can only be passed to descendant cells). [DNA mutations; karyotype; heredity]