Fluids (Hydraulics and Compounds)
1. Demonstrate an understanding of the properties and the buoyant force of fluids
•Compare various liquids in terms of their viscosity
•Compare qualitatively the densities of solids, liquids, and gases
•Predict how the flow rate of different liquids is affected by temperature
•Describe qualitatively the relationship between mass and weight
•Describe qualitatively the relationship between viscosity and density
•Determine, through experimentation, the mass-to-volume ratio of different amounts of the same substance
•Describe the relationship between the mass, volume, and density of solids, liquids, and gases, using the particle theory
2. Investigate the buoyant force and other properties of fluids, and design and construct pneumatic or hydraulic systems that solve a problem in a given situation
• Compare fluids in terms of their compressibility or incompressibility
•Recognize and state the relationship between gravity and buoyancy
•Explain the effects of changes in temperature on the density of solids, liquids, and gases, and relate their findings to the particle model of matter
•Predict the effect of applying external pressure on the behavior of fluids
•Compare different liquids to determine how they alter the buoyant force on a given object
•Compare liquids and air in terms of their efficiency as transmitters of force in pneumatic and hydraulic devices.
•Design and build devices that use pneumatic or hydraulic systems;
•Design and construct a model of a common device that uses pneumatic or hydraulic systems
•Use appropriate vocabulary, including correct science and technology terminology, to communicate ideas, procedures, and results
3. Describe how knowledge of the properties of fluids can help us to understand and influence organisms in the natural world, and to design and operate technological devices and to evaluate how efficiently different devices make use of these properties.
• Compile qualitative and quantitative data gathered through investigation in order to record and present results, using diagrams, flow charts, frequency tables, graphs, and stem-and-leaf plots produced by hand or with a computer
•Communicate the procedures and results of investigations for specific purposes and to specific audiences, using media works, written notes and descriptions, charts, graphs, drawings, and oral presentations
•Use the most appropriate items from a selection of tools, equipment, and materials to perform a specific task
•Describe situations in which the density of a substance changes naturally or is intentionally altered
•Identify substances that are useful because of their viscosity
•Compare the way fluids function in living things with the way they function in manufactured devices
•Describe some effects of technological innovations related to hydraulics and pneumatics
•Identify some design features and explain how the design makes use of one or more of the properties of fluids;